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Underwater flight by the planktonic sea butterfly

3/15/2016

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"In a remarkable example of convergent evolution, we show that the zooplanktonic sea butterfly Limacina helicina ‘flies’ underwater in the same way that very small insects fly in the air. Both sea butterflies and flying insects stroke their wings in a characteristic figure-of-eight pattern to produce lift, and both generate extra lift by peeling their wings apart at the beginning of the power stroke (the well-known Weis-Fogh ‘clap-and-fling’ mechanism). It is highly surprising to find a zooplankter ‘mimicking’ insect flight as almost all zooplankton swim in this intermediate Reynolds number range (Re=10–100) by using their appendages as paddles rather than wings. The sea butterfly is also unique in that it accomplishes its insect-like figure-of-eight wing stroke by extreme rotation of its body (what we call ‘hyper-pitching’), a paradigm that has implications for micro aerial vehicle (MAV) design. No other animal, to our knowledge, pitches to this extent under normal locomotion."

Open Acces //  Journal Of Experimental Biology
​En un notable ejemplo de evolución convergente, se muestra que bajo el agua  una  mariposa zooplanctónica llamada Limacina helicina de la misma manera que los insectos muy pequeños vuelan en el aire.  Las mariposas de mar y los insectos voladores, ambos marcan un patrón característico en forma de ocho para producir su ascenso, y ambos generan la elevación adicional poniendo sus alas separadas al comienzo de la carrera de trabajo (el conocido "clap- Weis-Fogh"). Es muy sorprendente encontrar una zooplancton que "imite" vuelo de los insectos, ya que casi toda los zooplancton nadadores en este medio usan rango de números de Reynolds (Re = 10-100) mediante el uso de sus apéndices como remos en vez de alas. La mariposa de mar también es único, ya que cumple su aleteo haciendo una figura en forma de ocho como de insecto mediante la rotación extrema de su cuerpo (lo que llamamos "hiper-pitcheo '), un paradigma que tiene implicaciones para el diseño del vehículo aéreo micro (MAV) . Ningún otro anima que se tenga el conocimiento, tiene este tipo de locomoción. 

Open Acces //  Journal Of Experimental Biology
1 Comment
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